Varices of the lower limbs, which is also called varicose veins, manifests itself as the expansion of the surface veins of the legs, which accompanies the altered blood flow and the failure of the valves.
With varicose veins of the leg veins, the expansion of the walls of the veins of a bag -shaped type.In this state, an increase in the duration of the veins is observed, their convictions in serpentine,
deficiency in valve.Currently, varicose veins are very common: it is observed in around 17 to 25% of people.
At a young age, before puberty, this disease develops in representatives of both sexes with the same frequency.However, in women in adulthood, varicose veins are observed twice more often as in men.A similar image can be explained by significant hormonal changes during the occurrence of menstruation, during gestation.As a result, the tone of the veins is weakened, they develop and a violation of the venous blood circulation occurs.
Causes of varicose veins of legs
Today, experts tend to support many theories that indicate why varicose veins are developing on the legs.But, however, speaking of the main reason for this disease, it should be noted Valve device violation.Consequently, the valves make it difficult to move the blood in the opposite direction.Therefore, only blood flow to the heart occurs completely.The insufficient valve function of the veins may appear due to thrombosis, failure of the congenital valves, weakness of the walls of the veins and other causes.
With insufficient valves of veins in a person who has increased on his feet, blood is directed under the influence of gravity.During walking, the muscles of the lower trees surrounding the deep veins are reduced.Consequently, the veins are devastated and an increase occurs venous pressure.As a result, the blood enters the surface veins, they stretch and manifest themselves varicose veins.
There are also a number of factors that directly affect the progression of varicose veins.In women, varicose veins often develop accordingly pregnancy.During this period, the volume of blood increases considerably in the female body.The growing uterus is very in a hurry on the veins from the legs.In addition, in the pregnancy process, hormonal restructuring of the body affects the condition of the veins.In many cases, varicose veins during pregnancy are reversible, that is to say, after childbirth, it gradually disappears.
Very often, the varicose veins of the lower limbs manifest themselves in people who are forced to stand in the process for a long time.Another risk factor for varicose veins is obesity: Open people have increased intra-abdominal pressure and, therefore, expansion of the veins.
Often, the veins also develop in people subject to regular respects.This happens at chronic constipation,, cough,, prostate adenoma and other conditions.Varicose varicose veins can sometimes become a consequence of surgical operations on the legs.
Another factor predisposing to varicose veins is the age of a person.As a rule, over time, the aging of valves and walls of the veins occurs.As a result, elasticity is lost and the veins are stretched.
Varicose veins often occur in suffering patients Deep vein thrombosishaving Congenital anomalies of the blood vessel.
Given the factors that have directly influenced the development of the disease, it is usual to distinguish between Primary And secondary Varicose veins.
Symptoms of developing varicose veins
First, the visible symptoms of varicose veins on the legs are the occurrence of a thin veins network on the surface of the skin of the legs.Such demonstrations occur mainly in the thigh area.Such a varical grid is the easiest to consider in people who suffer cellulite.Sometimes it is cellulite that becomes a kind of warning sign of varicose veins.Often, fat deposits for cellulite are pressed with venous vessels, and therefore, blood flow is complicated and varicose veins occur.
The hair nets on the legs that appear at the beginning of the varicose veins are called Telegioectasies.However, it should be noted that such external manifestations may be signs of varicose veins and a manifestation of a temporary inflammatory process.
In some cases, swelling on the legs indicates the start of varicose veins.However, such a sign may be a symptom and other diseases (heart failure,, renal disease urolithiasis).Therefore, in this case, it is impossible to clearly talk about the development of varicose veins until the diagnosis is established.
The symptom of varicose veins often becomes a manifestation of pain in the legs.The pain can be acute and also have signs of traction.Most often, with varicose veins, pain in calves is manifested.It occurs mainly in the afternoon, after a certain load on the legs.
Thus, a person who observes the appearance of a capillary grid, periodic manifestations of pain and edema should consult a doctor and undergo the necessary studies.
Often, varicose veins give the patient a certain cosmetic discomfort.But in addition to that, he can show a feeling of strong heaviness in his legs, the night can occur Convulsions, on the legs are gradually manifested Trophic changes.
Visually varicose disease can manifest itself with non -particularly notable “stars” of small vessels, and very large knots and plexus, which are particularly distinguished when the patient is in a vertical position.
If the palpation of the veins is carried out, their elastic elastic consistency is determined, they are easily compressed.Anta on the nodes of varicose veins can have a higher temperature than the rest of the areas.If a person takes a horizontal position, then the tension of the veins lowers and the knots become less pronounced.
If, with the development of the disease, a person does not think of how to treat varicose veins, that the disease progresses and gradually the feeling of rapid fatigue, the constant severity of the legs and the feeling of swelling in their tissues are joined and that convulsions can sometimes manifest.If swelling appears, then they disappear after a long rest at night.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
The diagnosis of this disease is relatively easy.The specialist must carry out an examination and a patient study, studies an anamnesis.In the additional study process, the state of the main and communicating veins valves is determined and the level of permeability of the deep veins is evaluated.There are a number of different samples which allows you to assess the state of the veins and the degree of development of the disease.
If the patient has a simple varicose disease, in most cases, instrumental diagnostic methods are not used.
Treatment of varicose legs
Conservative treatment of varicose veins is mainly prescribed for people with clear contraindications for surgery.
In addition, such treatment is indicated in the presence of a patient with a slight expansion of veins, which is an exclusively cosmetic defect.The objective of conservative therapy is also a prevention of the additional progression of this disease.To this end, patients are recommended to use the leg shovel affected by varicose veins, an elastic bandage.In addition, compression knitting for varicose veins are indicated.People who tend to varies or who are already sick of this disease should regularly put their legs for elevation throughout the day, resting for several minutes.There are also special exercises for the bottom of the leg and feet to activate the muscle pump.It is a periodic extension and flexion in the ankle and knee joints.
The patient must ensure that he is not allowed to tighten the lower leg and hips with different objects of the toilet, as this can considerably complicate the current of venous blood.
Using elastic compression, you can activate blood flow in the deep veins, prevent edema, reduce the amount of blood in the subcutaneous veins, promote metabolic processes of the body and blood microcirculation.
But in order to obtain positive results, it is important to heal the leg properly.This process must be carried out in the morning without getting off the bed.The shovel starts its fingers on the hip, while a small tension of the bandage must be felt.In the bandage process, it is necessary to capture the heel and the ankle joint.The bandage at each turn of the member must half cover the previous tour.Only a certified elastic bandage and compression knitting must be purchased.
The treatment of varicose veins also involves wearing comfortable shoes, in which there should be a low heel and a hard sole.You should not stay long, allow physical tension, stay in rooms with high temperature and humidity for a long time.In a dream, it is advisable to keep your legs in a raised position.
Patients must limit the use of liquids and salt, try to get rid of Excess weight.For the treatment of varicose veins, it is periodically necessary to take Diuretics drugs, agents that improve the tone of the veins.In addition, if there are indications, the patient can prescribe drugs that stimulate microcirculation in the tissues.Varicose therapy can also include taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
If the patient has a simple form of the disease, classes of physiotherapy exercises is shown.Swimming, other water procedures, leg legs with lukewarm water, in which a solution of 5 to 10% sodium salt of hydrochloric acid is added very useful.
Very often, in the treatment of varicose veins, local therapy methods are used.But such treatment should be used in combination with other medication methods.Local products of varicose veins are produced in the form of gels, ointments, creams.Most of these drugs have glycosaminogliclican or venoactive components containing sour sulfur.Varicose ointments contribute to the normalization of the tone of the walls of the veins, can adjust the altered lymphatic flow and microcirculation.In separate local drugs, there are several different active components.
If, in the varicose vein process, a secondary infection occurs, it is then advisable to use external agents with antibiotics Or antiseptics.
Since ancient times, treatment has been used for treatment Hirudotherapywith varicose veins.The use of strains secreting the anticoagulant contained in the salivary glands allows you to dilute blood, helps resolveStrokes, get rid of vascular stars and nodes of varicose veins.In addition, hirudotherapy for varicose veins reduces pain in the legs, overcome swelling.However, hirudotherapy is important to use already varicose veins in the early stages.Such treatment should not be used for people with haemophilia,, anemia,, hypotension,, pregnant women.
However, the radical method of varicose vein therapy is surgery.It is carried out to eliminate venous reflux.Such an operation is not carried out in the presence of concomitant diseases of the lungs, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver.You cannot carry out such an operation for pregnant women, as well as for people with purulent diseases.Modern technologies allow an endoscopic technique to carry out such an operation.
If a person has only small branches, the use of sclerotherapy is authorized.Such an operation implies the introduction of a sclerosing solution to stick the walls of the vein in a vein.After that, the veins carry out repeated injections in other segments, while reaching the prison full aloud.
With varicose veins, combined operational therapy is also used, in which large modified vein trunks and sclerotherapy of small branches are eliminated.After surgery, patients are recommended to continue to wear elastic bandage for 8 to 12 weeks.
Treatment of varicose legs with folk methods
In addition to standard treatment methods, traditional medicine recipes, which have long been used to treat varicose veins, have a good effect.The treatment of varicose veins by folk remedies can be practiced in parallel with traditional therapy.
With varicose veins, a good effect brings the use of a massage shower.Such a massage can be carried out in the daily acceptance process of the shower.The water jets must simply be directed to the areas where the manifestations of the varicose veins are visible.The massage begins with hot jets, but over time, water should become colder.You can also use a contrast massage, alternating hot and cold water.It is important that such a massage ends with cold jets.If the massage is produced properly, then the areas of the skin that were massages roll.After such a massage, you must crush your legs and apply a therapeutic ointment or a frost on them.
With varicose veins, it is also recommended to make therapeutic baths for the legs of the decorations of herbs.Such baths should not be hot.A good effect is given in the morning of a burden bath, birch leaves, nettles.To prepare such an infusion, you should take a teaspoon of crushed herbs and pour a liter of boiling water.The infusion must be held for several hours.The bath lasts about 29 minutes.To increase the tone of the blood vessels, the use of the same bath from the nettle infusion of nettles, chamomile, lemon tree and oregano is effective.
Prevention of varicose legs
Prevention of varicose veins includes a number of measures to prevent signs of the disease.It is useful for each person to periodically hold the legs, to take breaks during the session works and not to wear experienced underwear.A good method for prevention of varicose veins will be a contrast shower, the inclusion in the diet of products beneficial for blood, perform physical exercises.At the first signs of varicose veins, consult a doctor to prevent the progression of the disease.
Complications of varicose legs of the legs
Very often, as a complication of varicos, it manifests itself Acute thrombophlebitis of superficial veins.Sometimes, due to damage, a varicose node and bleeding occur.With the excess blood of the knot that broke out, a very significant blood loss is possible.
In addition, due to increased pressure in the vein system, the arterial blood flow is slowed down.Because of this, it can develop Hypoxia And the following Famine of oxygen.Due to the development of such a state, tissue tissues can die, which is a dangerous process for the body.Due to the pronounced stagnation of blood in the veins, toxins in the tissues accumulate.
The complications of this disease also block the thrombus of the blood vessels, a violation of the nutrition of the fabric of the legs, the appearance of pigmentation and darkening of the skin.
Gradually becomes a denser layer of subcutaneous fats, occurs dermatitis,, Venous trophic ulcers.In very rare cases, there is a degeneration of these ulcers in malignant formations.
If the disease continues for a long time, then a person can subsequently develop Chronic venous deficiency.
But the most dangerous complication of varicos disease is thromboembolia of the pulmonary artery.This disease is heavy with death.